Cisco NAT

From HackerNet
Revision as of 19:10, 26 June 2016 by Helikopter (talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search

ip nat create flow-entries accelererar NAT-processen och är påslaget default i IOS-routrar.

Kolla om NAT funkar

debug ip nat
telnet 1.1.1.1 /source lo0
who

Overload

access-list 10 permit [ip-address] [wildcard-mask]
ip nat inside source list 10 interface [outside-interface] overload

Verify

show ip nat translations
show ip nat statistics

Static NAT

interface Gi0/1
 ip address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.0
 ip nat outside
interface Gi0/2
 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
 ip nat inside

NAT

ip nat inside source static 192.168.0.20 10.10.10.20 [no-alias]

Med no-alias besvaras inte ARP-förfrågningar för den IP-adressen.

Verify

show ip nat translations
show ip nat statistics
show ip alias

DYNAMIC är IP-adresser som används för NAT.

Dynamic NAT

interface Gi0/1
 ip address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.0
 ip nat outside
interface Gi0/2
 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
 ip nat inside

NAT

ip access-list standard CLIENT-LIST
 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.15
ip nat pool DYNAMIC 10.10.10.15 10.10.10.19 prefix-length 29
ip nat inside source list CLIENT-LIST pool DYNAMIC

Verify

show ip nat translations
show ip nat pool name DYNAMIC

Static PAT

interface Gi0/1
 ip address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.0
 ip nat outside
interface Gi0/2
 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
 ip nat inside

PAT / port forward

ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.55 80 10.10.10.10 80

Verify

show ip nat translations

Static Policy NAT

Route Maps

ip access-list extended TO_OUTSIDE
 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 any
route-map TO_ISP1 permit 10
 match ip address TO_OUTSIDE
 match interface Gi0/0
ip nat inside source route-map TO_ISP1 interface Gi0/0 overload

Overlapping Subnets

Antingen får man NATa på båda sidorna eller bara ena.

TCP Load Distribution

Rotary address pool

ip nat pool ROTARY prefix-length 24 type rotary
 address 10.0.0.10 10.0.0.10
 address 10.0.0.11 10.0.0.11
ip nat inside destination list DISTRIBUTE_LOAD pool ROTARY

HSRP

Stateful NAT with HSRP. During failovers, NAT translated IP addresses on devices may be different from the IP address before the failover, because no state information is exchanged between active and standby devices. HSRP Virtual IP Address (VIP) cannot be used by NAT pools.

interface gi2
 standby 100 name SNAT
ip nat stateful id 1 redundancy SNAT mapping-id 10
ip nat pool SNATPOOL 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.9 prefix-length 24
ip nat inside source route-map ROUTE-MAP pool SNATPOOL mapping-id 10 overload

Primary

ip nat stateful id 1 primary 10.10.10.10 peer 10.22.22.22 mapping-id 10

Backup

ip nat stateful id 1 backup 10.2.2.2 peer 10.10.10.10 mapping-id 10

Verify

show ip snat distributed verbose

NVI

Med Nat Virtual Interface kan man adressöversätta mellan VRF:er och man använder inte inside och outside med denna metod.

interface Gi0/1
 ip nat enable
interface Gi0/2
 ip nat enable
show ip nat nvi translations

Default Interface

NAT Default interface innebär att all trafik som initieras utifrån och natas in går till en och samma IP men däremot kan trafik som initieras inifrån natas till interface IP (nat overload).

ip access-list standard ALL
 permit any
ip nat inside source list ALL interface Gi2 overload
ip nat inside source static 172.16.0.20 interface Gi2

Reversible NAT

Man kan konfigurera nat som endast funkar efter att ha blivit initierad från andra hållet.

Dubbel-NAT

172.20.0.10 kommunicerar mot 172.20.0.50 som natas till 30.0.0.5. 30.0.0.5 Ser trafik från 30.0.0.50.

ip nat inside source static 172.20.0.10 30.0.0.50
ip nat outside source static 30.0.0.5 172.20.0.50 add-route

Utan add-route måste en statisk route användas för att peka 172.20.0.50 till outside interface.

show ip nat translations

Static Extendable NAT

Om man vill ha flera ip-adresser som ska natas till samma IP.

ip nat inside source static 10.1.1.1 20.0.0.20 extendable
ip nat inside source static 10.1.1.1 20.0.0.30 extendable

IPv6

NAT – Protocol Translation kan användas vid IPv4 till IPv6 migreringar och ger bi-directional connectivity mellan domänerna.

interface gi 0/0
 ipv6 nat
interface gi 0/1
 ipv6 nat
ipv6 nat v6v4 source 3001:11:0:1::1 150.11.3.1
ipv6 nat v4v6 source static 150.11.2.2 2000::960b:0202
ipv6 nat prefix 2000::/96

NAT-PT kräver ett /96 prefix

Verify

show ipv6 nat translations